Quantum computing for computer scientists takes readers on a tour of this fascinating area of cuttingedge research. Concepts and implementations of quantum computing examined include quantum computer requirements, probabilistic quantum computation and linear optical realization, holonomic quantum computation, quantum computing with cold ions and atoms, experiments with cold trapped ions, and solid state systems. A quantum algorithm consists of the given computation ut that acts on the quantum state in encoding initial data, its realization as a network of basic gates, along with a measurement prescription for extracting the relevant information from out. Therefore, since the physical world is fundamentally quantum mechanical, the foundations of information theory and computer science should be sought in quantum physics. Proposed by richard feynman decades ago, quantum computers are seen as a successor of contemporary computers as they can theoretically factor numbers exponentially better than a. Hqc is conventionally based on adiabatic evolution. Holonomic quantum computation how is holonomic quantum. Quantum computing is not about changing the physical substrate on which computation is done from classical to quantum but about changing the notion of computation itself, at the most basic level. Quantum computation is the eld that investigates the computational power and other properties of computers based on quantum mechanical principles. The point of m represents classical configuration of control fields and, for multipartite systems, couplings between.
The authors aim is to make quantum computation accessible to a broad audience, and they have done a very good job in breaking down its elements. Until quantum computation and quantum information came along in the early 1990s, nearly none. Quantum computation and quantum information by michael a. An introduction to quantum computing for nonphysicists. Some recent techniques for solving problems in counting complexity regarding the holant, which are inspired by quantum computation arxiv. The quantum computer is the philosophers stone of our century, and nielsen and chuang is our basic book of incantations. However, it remains unclear which technology, if any, will ultimately prove successful. Holonomic quantum computation how is holonomic quantum computation abbreviated. Holonomic quantum computation paolo zanardi 1,2 and mario rasetti 3 1 istituto nazionale fisica della materia infm 2 institute for scienti. Computation classically, we put n bits into a calculation and get m bits out. Quantum memories need to be robust against thermal noise, noise that would otherwise destroy the. We describe the use of a single quantum bit for secure key distribution. Save up to 80% by choosing the etextbook option for isbn. Geometric quantum computation is the idea that geometric phases can be used to implement quantum gates, i.
Ten years have passed since its publication, and it is as basic to the field as it ever was. Written in an accessible yet rigorous fashion, this book employs ideas and techniques familiar to every student of computer science. The fundamental unit of computation is no longer the bit but the quantum bit or qubit. In this chapter, we shall give an account of the basic concepts and results in both classical and quantum computation theories, that will be used in the rest of the book. Mar 14, 20 buy quantum computing since democritus by aaronson, scott isbn. Buy quantum computing since democritus by aaronson, scott isbn.
Quantum computation and quantum information pdf nielsen rar. We show that the notion of generalized berry phase i. Nielsen, 9781107002173, available at book depository with free delivery worldwide. The mathematical model of qc the paradigm of computation as a physical process requires that qc can in principle be described by the same means as any other physical reality, which, for the field of quantum physics, is the mathematical formalism of hilbert space operator algebra. Quantum computation is deterministic highly exponentially parallel unitary described by schrodinger equation using entanglement as a computational resource quantum computation evolution classical computation is working with real probabilities of computation are irreversibly lost m e a s u r e m e n t come in quantum events from quantum to. Nonholonomic control the idea of controlling a system by forcing it to.
In this section we describe a simple model for a quantum computer based on a classical computer instructing a machine to manipulate a set of spins. Quantum computation yongjian han university of science and technology of china spring 2011 quantum simulation ustc spring 2011 1 91. An introduction to quantum computation and quantum communication. The book assumes minimal prior experience with quantum mechanics and with computer science, aiming instead. Jan 01, 2000 quantum computation and quantum information. The quantum shift register circuit can shift all data qubits to the nearest qubit in a specific direction and apply applications like arithmetic calculation and bitwise operations on two quantum registers where these operations are very useful for quantum computers and quantum computation. Even single quantum bits enable interesting applications. Just as classical computers can be thought of in boolean algebra terms, quantum computers are reasoned about with quantum mechanics. Determining the order of the transition for the vertex model describing a generic computation is a difficult problem, which we expect to address via quantum montecarlo simulations in a future. Stage a a classical machine takes a single or pair of spins and in stage b it performs a selected onebit or twobit operation.
Griffiths cambridge 2002 is recommended for part i of the course. Quantum computation and information storage in quantum. Mar 18, 2016 so computation is the main ingredient and component of both computational number theory and quantum computational number theory. An important objective is to nd quantum algorithms that are signi cantly faster than any classical algorithm solving the same problem. Measurementbased quantum computation is a novel model of quantum computing where universal quantum computation can be done with only local measurements on each particle of a quantum manybody. Nonadiabatic holonomic quantum computation in linear. Quantum mechanics is a mathematical language, much like calculus. Similar to the qubit, a 3dimensional quantum system is called a qutrit. This set of measured orientations is the output of the computation. The book should be a good addition to the educational literature on the subject. Resorting to this language quantum computation can be described as the experimenters capability of generating a small set of. Finally, we describe a toy device that can perform quantum computations on 9 qubits and show in particular how it can perform the discrete fourier transform on 9 qubits sec. The results of this thesis concern the realworld realization of quantum computers, specifically how to build their hard drives or quantum memories.
Quantum computation and quantum information theory course. Nonadiabatic holonomic quantum computation in decoherencefree subspaces protects quantum information from control imprecisions and decoherence. The josephson junction is the basic building block of a superconducting qubit, and thus a quantum computer. Published 23 october 2012 iop publishing and deutsche physikalische gesellschaft new journal of physics, volume 14, october 2012. Quantum computation and information storage in quantum double.
So computation is the main ingredient and component of both computational number theory and quantum computational number theory. Quantum computing since democritus by scott aaronson, quantum computation and quantum information by michael a. One can only read through the first chapter and you are given the key feature of quantum computation and information. Mathematics of quantum computation crc press book among the most exciting developments in science today is the design and construction of the quantum computer. International journal of quantum information rg journal. In essence, quantum computation makes use of the wave nature of particles to. Its realization will be the result of multidisciplinary efforts, but ultimately, it is mathematics that lies at the heart of theoretical quantum computer science.
Quantum computing stack exchange is a question and answer site for engineers, scientists, programmers, and computing professionals interested in quantum computing. Building qubits phase across junction energy maximum 0 energy energy minimum energy diagram of a junction electrons weak link superconductor what are the basic principles. That will lead to the applications in quantum information processing. Qcqi nielsen and chuang, quantum computation and quantum information cqt gri. The computational space is realized by a nfold degenerate eigenspace of a family of hamiltonians parametrized by a manifold m.
A number of physical systems, spanning much of modern physics, are being developed for quantum computation. Theory of quantum computation, communication, and cryptography 7th conference, tqc 2012, tokyo, japan, may 1719, 2012, revised selected papers by kazuo iwama and publisher springer. An introduction tony hey department of electronics and computer science, university of southampton, southampton, united kingdom so17 1bj. The school also highlighted the deepening in our understanding of theoretical aspects of quantum computation and quantum communication, including topics like quantum errorcorrecting codes, quantum algorithms for complex dynamics, quantum measurements and feedback control, decoherence and imperfections effects for the accuracy of computation. For the aims of this letter it is worthwile to reformulate this setup in a. Find materials for this course in the pages linked along the left. This monograph provides an introduction to finite quantum systems, a field at the interface between quantum information and number theory, with applications in quantum computation and condensed matter physics. Quantum computation and information is a new, rapidly developing interdisciplinary field. Quantum circuits a quantum circuit is a model for quantum computation in which a computation is a sequence of quantum gates, which are reversible transformations on a quantum mechanical analog of an nbit register.
Quantum computation and quantum information michael a. These are manybody quantum systems, and their building blocks are qubits, the same way bits are the building blocks of classical computers. Quantum computation and quantum information wikipedia. Neutral atom quantum computing our quantum computing lab is in collaboration with eight institutions on developing the worlds first neutral atom quantum computer. Quantum computation and quantum information is a challenging text that offers a.
Quantum computation zoya gavrilov june 26, 2012 1 introduction quantum computation harnesses the power of nature by relying on the properties of quantum systems to both speed up classical computations, as well as to solve problems that are not classically computable. Quantum computation and quantum information is a textbook about quantum information science written by michael nielsen and isaac chuang, regarded as a standard text on the subject. The circuit of the quantum shift register is presented and considered in 11 in. Nonadiabatic holonomic quantum computation iopscience. Quantum computation article about quantum computation by. This model has some intrinsic limitations which make designing algorithms in a highlevel language somewhat tricky. Quantum computation is the eld that investigates the computational power and other properties of computers based on quantummechanical principles. Information is something that can be encoded in the state of a physical system, and a computation is a task that can be performed with a physically realizable device.
Its fundamental concepts and central results may not be easily understood without facing numerous technical details. The text book for the course will be quantum computation and quantum information by m. Student, department of electronics and communication shrinathji institute of technology and engineering nathdwara abstract in the classical model, the fundamental building block is represented by bits exists in. Erik sjoqvist 1,2, d m tong 3, l mauritz andersson 4, bjorn hessmo 1, markus johansson 1,2 and kuldip singh 1.
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